Cov khoom uas ua rau lub cev lub tsheb yog kwv yees muab faib ua vaj huam sib luag cov khoom, cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv khiav thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv. Cov khoom siv no sib haum rau cov kev thov sib txawv thiab muaj kev ua tau zoo sib txawv. Piv txwv li, cov khoom vaj huam sib luag xav tau daim hlau kom muaj kev tsim tau zoo, lub zog, kev nthuav dav, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom vaj huam sib luag xav tau cov phaj kom muaj cov qauv zoo, lub zog, kev sib tsoo lub zog nqus, qaug zog, thiab corrosion kuj. , Weldability; taug kev qhov chaw yuav tsum tau zoo formability, rigidity, nkees durability, corrosion kuj, thiab weldability; thiab kev sib tsoo zoo heev zog nqus peev xwm thiab weldability yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv ntxiv.
Txawm hais tias kev lag luam thov kom txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb tau txais kev muaj zog thiab muaj zog, vim yog lub zog ntawm lub tsheb thiab kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg caij tsheb, cov phaj hlau tseem siv tau rau hauv cov qauv thiab qee qhov ntawm cov tsheb loj. Hlau daim hlau rau tsheb tau muab faib ua cov hlau kub-kuav los tiag, txias-kuav los tiag steel daim hlau thiab coated steel daim hlau raws li cov txheej txheem ntau lawm; los ntawm lub zog ntawm qhov pom, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua: cov hlau zoo tib yam (cov hlau me me), cov hlau tsis tshua muaj zog steel phaj (HSLA), cov hlau zoo tib yam steel phaj (siab zog steel daim hlau). Lub zog IF steel, BH steel, phosphorus-muaj steel thiab IS steel, thiab lwm yam) thiab qib siab zog steel phaj (AHSS), thiab lwm yam.
1. Ordinary steel phaj
Cov paib hlau ib txwm hais txog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm {{0}}}01-0.1%, lawv lub zog feem ntau ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm Rp0.2 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 250MPa, Rm ntawm {{6} }MPa, thiab qhov elongation nce mus txog ntau dua 30% kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog. Feem ntau, lub zog yuav tsum tsis txhob siab. Cov khoom yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Xws li St12, St13, St14 thiab lwm yam qauv.
2. Lub zog siab IF steel phaj
Raws li IF steel, ntau hom kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntsiab lus (xws li cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog P, Mn, Si) thiab cov txheej txheem dov tsim nyog (los ntawm kev kub dov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab txo qhov loj thiab ceev kom txias tam sim tom qab dov) ntxiv. , kom tau txais cov nplua-grained ferrite, nrog rau txo qhov loj ntawm qhov txias dov thiab kub-kub annealing kom tau txais qhov xav tau kev ntxhib los mos thiab siab formability), kom cov hlau muaj lub zog siab thaum ua kom zoo plasticity thiab stamping kev ua tau zoo. Ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo li lub tsheb stamping qhov chaw.
3. Tsawg alloy siab zog steel phaj
Tsawg-alloy high-strength steel yog tsim los ntawm carbon steel structural steel los ntawm kev ntxiv me me ntawm Mn, Si thiab trace tus nqi ntawm Nb, V, Ti, Al thiab lwm yam alloying ntsiab. Nws lub zog tawm los tshaj 275MPa, ib hom kev tsim qauv hlau. Lub thiaj li hu ua low alloy txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv steel tsis tshaj 3%. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov hlau tsis tshua muaj zog yog siv ob peb lub ntsiab lus alloy raws li qhov ua tau kom tau txais cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws, kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txaus siab siv thiab tus nqi qis.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb: High yield-rau-lub zog piv. Lub zog muaj zog tuaj yeem muab faib ua 260, 300, 340, 380 thiab 420, 460, 500MPa raws li lub zog tawm los. Tsawg-alloy high-strength steel yog tsuas yog siv rau lub tsheb cov qauv thiab cov khoom siv zog, thiab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv European series qauv, xws li Q345 thiab Q390.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm alloying tsawg-alloy high-strength steel tsuas yog siv cov khoom ntim ntxiv dag zog, nplua-grain ntxiv dag zog rau thiab nag lossis daus ntxiv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying los txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov nplua-grain ntxiv dag zog yog siv los txo cov ductile-brittle hloov kub ntawm cov hlau los cuam tshuam cov nyhuv ntawm cov hlau. Cov nag lossis daus muaj zog ntawm nruab nrab-carbon nitrides muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm kev ua kom tawv-rau-nkig hloov kub ntawm cov hlau, tso cai rau cov hlau kom tswj tau qhov zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thaum tau txais lub zog siab.
Cov qauv kev ua tau zoo rau cov neeg sawv cev qib qis alloy siab zog steel
4. Ci hardened steel phaj (BH steel)
Ci-hardened steel yog ob qho tib si muaj zog thiab tsim tau zoo heev. Lub zog ntawm qhov kawg yog tau los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm hardening thaum lub sij hawm machining thiab aging phenomena thaum lub sij hawm painting. Xws li IF steel ci-hardened steel phaj thiab qis-carbon ci-hardened steel phaj. Nws tsuas yog tsom rau IF ci-hardened boards, nrog cov qauv xws li H180 thiab H260. Cov yam ntxwv yog tias cov phaj hlau muaj lub zog tsis muaj zog ua ntej stamping, thiab lub zog ntawm cov phaj steel yog nce los ntawm kev pleev xim thiab ci txheej txheem tom qab stamping.
Thaum BH steel muaj cov khoom ci zoo, nws yuav tsum tau xyuas kom meej tias nws tsis yog kev laus ntawm chav tsev kub hauv ib lub sijhawm. Nws yog feem ntau qhia los ntawm aging Performance index AI. Yog tias tus nqi AI tsawg dua 30MPa, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov phaj hlau yuav tsis tshwm sim hauv 3 lub hlis. Ntuj laus. BH steel tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov phaj hlau tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov duab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom tsim, yog li nws tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov tsheb sab nrauv.
Cov qauv kev ua tau zoo rau cov qib sawv cev ntawm cov hlau ci ci
duab
5. Dual-Phase steel (DP luv luv)
DP steel yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj nqi nrog Si thiab Mn ua cov khoom siv hlau loj. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem nruam annealing, ferrite + austenite ob-theem cheeb tsam yog thawj rhuab mus rau 760-830 degree los ua tus qauv ib feem ntawm ferrite thiab austenite. Lub sij hawm no, cov hlau yog quenched hauv qab lub martensite taw tes, thiab lub austenite hloov mus rau hauv martensite, uas ua rau lub thiaj li hu ua "dual-theem qauv". Lub matrix ntawm DP steel yog mos ferrite, nrog nyuaj martensite faib rau nws. Qhov ob txiav txim siab qhov tsis muaj zog tawm los thiab siab tensile lub zog ntawm cov khoom feem.
DP steel muaj qhov pib ua haujlwm hnyav dua li cov hlau uas muaj zog, yog li nws muaj qhov sib piv qis heev-rau-lub zog thiab tuaj yeem ua tau zoo elongation. DP steel muaj ntau C nyob rau hauv cov khoom tov, yog li nws kuj yog ib tug ci-hardened hlau. Tom qab ci thiab pleev xim, lub zog tawm los nce li ntawm 100MPa. Piv txwv li, cov qauv neeg sawv cev yog DP590 thiab DP780.
DP steel qhia tau hais tias muaj zog ntau dua li cov hlau uas muaj zog zoo tib yam thaum lub sij hawm kev kub ceev deformation hauv tsheb sib tsoo, yog li nws muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua lub zog nqus, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho tsheb kev nyab xeeb. Cov qauv tseem ceeb yog ferrite thiab martensite, uas cov ntsiab lus martensite yog 5% mus rau 50%. Raws li cov ntsiab lus martensite nce, lub zog nce linearly, thiab lub zog ntau yog 500 txog 1200MPa.
Dual-theem steel kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj yield ratio, siab ua haujlwm hardening Performance index, siab ci hardening kev ua tau zoo, tsis muaj yield extension thiab chav kub aging. Feem ntau siv rau cov khoom siv tsheb uas xav tau lub zog siab, siab tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo lub zog nqus thiab nruj tsim cov kev cai, xws li lub log, bumpers, ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab lawv cov reinforcements, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm steel kev ua tau zoo thiab kev tsim technology, DP steel Nws kuj muaj. pib siv rau sab hauv thiab sab nrauv vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov tsheb.
6. Transformation Induced Plastic (TRIP)
TRIP steel yog ib hom hlau uas tsuas yog ua lag luam tsim hauv 10 xyoo dhau los. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog C, Si thiab Mn, thiab suav nrog cov khoom kub-kuav los tiag, txias-dov, electroplated thiab kub-dip galvanized khoom. Cov qauv tseem ceeb yog ferrite, bainite thiab khaws cia austenite, ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom khaws cia austenite yog 5% txog 15%, thiab lub zog ntau yog 600 txog 800MPa. Tus neeg sawv cev qauv xws li: TR590, TR780.
Lub ntsiab ntawm qhov siab elongation ntawm TRIP steel yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom khaws cia austenite rau hauv martensite. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntim nthuav dav tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv theem yog nrog los ntawm kev nce hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv zos hardening Performance index, ua rau nws nyuaj rau deformation kom muaj zog hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv zos. Piv nrog rau DP steel, qhov pib ua hauj lwm hardening Performance index ntawm TRIP steel yog me dua li ntawm DP steel, tab sis qhov ua hauj lwm hardening Performance index ntawm TRIP steel tseem nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev strain ntau yam, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau high bulging kev kawm.
TRIP steel sawv cev qib kev ua tau zoo
7. ComplexPhase (CP, Multiphase)
Cov cua txias hom ntawm multiphase steel zoo ib yam li TRIP steel, tab sis cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom tsim cov nag lossis daus theem ntawm ntxiv dag zog rau martensite thiab bainite, nrog lub zog ntau ntawm 800 txog 1000MPa. Nws cov yam ntxwv cov yam ntxwv yog nplua ferrite thiab muaj feem ntau ntawm cov theem nyuaj (martensite, bainite), uas ntxiv dag zog los ntawm nag lossis daus. Nws muaj Nb, Ti thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam lub zog nqus lub peev xwm thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov nthuav dav. Haum rau kev nyab xeeb qhov chaw xws li lub qhov rooj tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo, lub pob thiab B-pillars.
